The Meanings of Magic
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چکیده
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$Z_k$-Magic Labeling of Some Families of Graphs
For any non-trivial abelian group A under addition a graph $G$ is said to be $A$-textit{magic} if there exists a labeling $f:E(G) rightarrow A-{0}$ such that, the vertex labeling $f^+$ defined as $f^+(v) = sum f(uv)$ taken over all edges $uv$ incident at $v$ is a constant. An $A$-textit{magic} graph $G$ is said to be $Z_k$-magic graph if the group $A$ is $Z_k$ the group of integers modulo $k...
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The magic is something with a subtle source, which is not seen with eye, and its source cannot be found in a normal way. The magic has a variety of forms that have harmful and non-harmful effects. The wizards use the latter one to deceive people. The motive for choosing this topic among other ones is that some people resort to the magic for different reasons such as: outbreaking demons for the ...
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An H-magic labeling in a H-decomposable graph G is a bijection f : V (G) ∪ E(G) → {1, 2, ..., p + q} such that for every copy H in the decomposition, ΣνεV(H) f(v) + ΣeεE(H) f(e) is constant. f is said to be H-E-super magic if f(E(G)) = {1, 2, · · · , q}. A family of subgraphs H1,H2, · · · ,Hh of G is a mixed cycle-decomposition of G if every subgraph Hi is isomorphic to some cycle Ck, for k ≥ ...
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An H-magic labeling in a H-decomposable graph G is a bijection f : V (G) ∪ E(G) → {1, 2, ..., p + q} such that for every copy H in the decomposition, ∑νεV (H) f(v) + ∑νεE (H) f(e) is constant. f is said to be H-E-super magic if f(E(G)) = {1, 2, · · · , q}. A family of subgraphs H1,H2, · · · ,Hh of G is a mixed cycle-decomposition of G if every subgraph Hi is isomorphic to some cycle Ck, for k ≥...
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A graph is called supermagic if there is a labeling of edges where the edges are labeled with consecutive distinct positive integers such that the sum of the labels of all edges incident with any vertex is constant. A graph G is called degree-magic if there is a labeling of the edges by integers 1, 2, ..., |E(G)| such that the sum of the labels of the edges incident with any vertex v is equal t...
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